tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-55743112932236213192023-11-15T10:35:59.149-08:00Intelligence ReferenceEddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comBlogger453125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-10690023520357671482012-05-20T01:27:00.001-07:002012-05-20T01:28:07.438-07:00Ahmed IsmailAhmed Ismail was an Egyptian General ordered by President Sadat to plan an attack to Israel. He was renowned for his success to build an attack plan that shock an Israeli at that time. His ability to build successful attack plan was caused by his good intelligence operation prior to its attack. This intelligence operation has deceit and mislead an Israel Defense Force so an Israeli unaware of the attack.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-72301854108474971622012-05-14T20:31:00.000-07:002012-05-14T20:31:44.778-07:00ChekaOn 20 December 1917, Lenin officially established the All-Russia Extraordinary Commission to Combat Counter-revolution and Sabotage—usually known as the Cheka. The Cheka received a large amount of resources, and became known for ruthlessly pursuing any perceived counterrevolutionary elements.<br />
Many historians categorize Cheka as terror organization. To describe Cheka, let's read the statement made by the first leader of Cheka, Dzerzhinsky. Dzerzhinsky explained in July 1918: "We stand for organized terror - this should be frankly admitted. Terror is an absolute necessity during times of revolution. Our aim is to fight against the enemies of the Soviet Government and of the new order of life. We judge quickly. In most cases only a day passes between the apprehension of the criminal and his sentence. When confronted with evidence criminals in almost every case confess; and what argument can have greater weight than a criminal's own confession."Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-50823808632230918262012-05-14T20:23:00.000-07:002012-05-14T20:23:57.659-07:00Felix DzerzhinskyFelix Dzerzhinsky was among the earlier communist leaders, that lead the Bolshevik Revolution. He was the first leader of All-Russia Extraordinary Commission to Combat Counter-revolution and Sabotage known as Cheka.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-91396494473031791652012-02-02T22:55:00.000-08:002012-02-02T22:55:46.865-08:00Operation NiagaraOperation Niagara was one of intelligence operations conducted by US Military during Vietnam War. This operation mainly conducted in Khe Sanh, an area located near the border of North Vietnam and South Vietnam. During this operation, US Military airdropped thousands of the new Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS) around the base to monitor North Vietnamese activity, and intelligence analysts at highly secret sigint bases in far-off Thailand were soon receiving conversations between puzzled NVA soldiers along the lines.<br />
Operation Niagara around Khe Sanh was a huge intelli-gence success, and by mid-January 1968 it had identified 15,000 men of the NVA 325th and 304th Divisions definitely closing in on the US base. Patrols from the US Marines began to clash with NVA regulars digging in on the surrounding hills as the communist noose tightened.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-16288943681378546562012-01-01T17:19:00.000-08:002012-01-01T17:19:58.931-08:00KOPASSUSKopassus (Komandu Pasukan Khusus) is Indonesian army special forces that conducts special operation missions for Indonesian government. One of its mission is on intelligence mission, especially on warfare intelligence mission. It has many experiences on warfare intelligence duties, such as on East Timor conflict, Papua conflict, Aceh conflict, etc.<br />
Many controversies to the Kopassus. One controversy is its involvement on intelligence mission targeting the oppositions of Soeharto regime. Several activists were kidnapped and lost during the Soeharto regime. Because of this, Kopassus alleged to be the entity which has violate the human rights, and accepted many critics.<br />
Aside from human rights problems, technically Kopassus renowned for its technical capabilities. Some analysts, believe that Kopassus is the best special forces in Southeast Asia.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-2154601715568398642010-11-29T10:35:00.001-08:002010-11-29T10:35:06.484-08:00Z ORGANISATIONAn alternative, independent intelligence-gathering network run by the Secret Intelligence Service prior to World War II in parallel to, but in isolation from, the conventional Passport Control Offices. Z personnel usually operated under commercial or journalistic cover across Europe. They were directed from offices in Bush House, on the Strand, and were attached to such businesses as Geoffrey Duveen & Co., Alexander Korda’s London Films, and a travel company. In addition, Z’s chief, Claude Dansey, succeeded in recruiting many of his personal contacts, among them some well-known foreign correspondents such as Geoffrey Cox, Frederick Voight, and Eric Gedye.<br />
In September 1939, Z personnel were instructed to make themselves known to the local passport control officer (PCO), wherever they were, and to continue their intelligence-gathering activities in tandem. In reality many PCOs were skeptical about the quality of Z personnel and the reliability of their networks. When Capt. Sigismund Best was abducted at Venlo in November 1939, it was assumed that whatever advantage had been achieved by the Z Organisation had been compromised permanently.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-57754743875781976772010-11-29T10:33:00.001-08:002010-11-29T10:33:01.683-08:00ZINOVIEV LETTERThis Comintern directive, from the chairman of the Third International, Grigori Zinoviev, and addressed to the Executive Committee of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in September 1924 created a political furor in London when it was published by the Daily Mail four days before the general election because it advocated sedition on a grand scale and agitation within the armed forces.<br />
The document had been received in London by the Secret Intelligence Service’s chief of production, Maj. (Sir) Desmond Morton, and then had been circulated routinely to the services, MI5, and the Foreign Office, although as was customary there was no indication of how or where SIS had acquired it. As a consequence, Ramsay Mac-Donald’s first Labour administration, which had already lost a vote of confidence in the House of Commons and was losing its Liberal support, was portrayed as having been willing to tolerate the Kremlin’s subversion, and Stanley Baldwin was swept into office in a landslide victory. The fact that Zinoviev protested that he had never sent any such letter, and the CPGB denied ever having received it, was dismissed as typically, predictably, duplicitous and spurious.<br />
In 1998 an investigation was conducted by the Foreign Office’s chief historian, Gill Bennett, and her subsequent report, which drew on an earlier investigation conducted by Millicent Bagot of MI5, established the sequence of events that had followed safe receipt of the document from the SIS station in Riga. Bennett eventually concluded that the letter itself was undoubtedly a forgery, although its composition was sufficiently skillful to persuade those who read it of its intrinsic authenticity. No blame could be attached to Ronald Meiklejohn for acquiring this tantalizing item and sending it to headquarters, and Major Morton acted quite properly by circulating it to SIS’s clients.<br />
As for who actually peddled the original Russian document in Riga, the Soviets, who were as interested as anyone else in who had been counterfeiting Comintern directives, concluded that it was a notorious White Russian forger, Vladimir Orlov, who had been Gen. Piotr Wrangel’s chief of intelligence. Orlov had made a good living fabricating ostensibly plausible Soviet documents, mainly for propaganda purposes, and when the SIS contacted Meiklejohn to conduct investigations into his source, yet more supporting evidence conveniently materialized, including a record of the minutes of an emergency meeting of the Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom), convened on 25 October 1924 to discuss the crisis in Great Britain and supposedly chaired by Leo Kamenev. This second document, containing admissions that the Zinoviev directive was genuine, was sent to London on 6 November and was seized on by the SIS chief Adm. Sir Hugh Sinclair as empirical proof, but this too had been forged by Orlov.<br />
The issue of the letter’s authenticity was to be decided by a Cabinet committee, chaired by Foreign Secretary Austen Chamberlain, who conducted a secret inquiry and issued no concluding report. Sinclair supplied a five-point memorandum to prove the case for authenticity and claimed that the source run by the Riga station worked for the Comintern secretariat in Moscow and had access to the Comintern’s secret files, whereas Meiklejohn had only ever claimed to have run an agent in Riga who was in touch with such an individual (whose identity was unknown to him). Sinclair also claimed that the letter’s content was entirely consistent with what was known to be the Comintern’s policies, but his fifth and final argument—that if the document had been a forgery, it would have been uncovered as such—seems bizarre and even desperate. Nevertheless, the committee reported to the full Cabinet on 19 November that they “were unanimously of the opinion that there was no doubt as to the authenticity of the Letter.”Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-10767166646083134832010-11-29T10:29:00.000-08:002010-11-29T10:29:48.966-08:00ZIMMERMANN TELEGRAMIn January 1917 German foreign minister Arthur Zimmermann sent a secret telegram to his ambassador in Washington, D.C., Count Johann von Bernstorff, by three different routes, all encrypted in the same code. One was transmitted by radio from Nauen to Sayville, on Long Island; the second went via the Swedish transatlantic cable from Stockholm; and the third was delivered to the U.S. embassy in Berlin for transmission on the American cable via Copenhagen. The text announced an intention to engage in unrestricted U-boat warfare beginning 1 February and directed the ambassador to approach the Mexican government with an<br />
offer of support if it attacked the United States to recover “lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.”<br />
The intercepted text was decrypted in Room 40 at the Admiralty by the Reverend William Montgomery and Nigel de Grey and was passed to the U.S. embassy before being made public in March 1917. When challenged, Count Bernstorff confirmed the authenticity of the telegram, and as a direct consequence President Woodrow Wilson told Congress in April 1917 that America’s neutrality would cease.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-13780927941319956392010-11-29T10:28:00.001-08:002010-11-29T10:28:40.288-08:00YUZHIN, BORISCode-named GT/TWINE by the Central Intelligence Agency, Yuzhin was a KGB officer who had been the TASS news agency correspondent in San Francisco in the 1970s and had returned to Moscow in 1982. He was arrested on 23 December 1986, sentenced to a term of imprisonment at Perm-35, and then released to live in the United States.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-33060023980918494602010-11-29T10:27:00.001-08:002010-11-29T10:27:56.648-08:00YU ZHENSANThe adopted son of Kang Sheng, the legendary head of the People’s Republic of China’s Ministry of State Security (MSS) Foreign Bureau, Yu, known by the code name PLANESMAN, defected to the United States in November 1986, having supplied information to the Central Intelligence Agency for the previous two<br />
years. Kang had been trained in espionage by the Comintern in the Soviet Union before World War II and devoted his career to foreign intelligence operations. An expert calligrapher, reputed to use both hands, he brought up Yu as his own son, a member of Beijing’s elite.<br />
Although never disclosed publicly, Yu was responsible for compromising Bernard Boursicot, a French Foreign Service officer who had been caught in a bizarre honeytrap in Beijing when posted to the French embassy in 1964 at the age of 20, forming a relationship with an actor, a male impersonator who later claimed to have borne him a child. When Yu identified Boursicot, the Frenchman was placed under surveillance by the Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire and was found to be living with his son and the actor, who turned out to be a man. Boursicot, whose strange story was to become the subject of a book, a play, and a movie, was sentenced to six years’ imprisonment, but was released after having served four years. Yu also provided the information leading to the arrest of Larry Wu-Tai Chin, who provided classified information from the CIA to China for more than three decades.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-52193300871957861022010-11-29T10:26:00.000-08:002010-11-29T10:26:09.785-08:00YURCHENKO, VITALIA senior KGB counterintelligence officer, Colonel Yurchenko had been attached to the KGB’s Washington,<br />
D.C., rezidentura, and defected to the Central Intelligence Agency in July 1985 to escape from poverty and an unhappy marriage by requesting political asylum in Rome while on a mission to find Vladimir Alexandrov, a Soviet nuclear physicist who was missing. Yurchenko was flown to a CIA safe house in Vienna, Virginia, for a lengthy debriefing and there disclosed fabulous information, including evidence to identify a former CIA officer, Edward Lee Howard, and a former National Security Agency analyst, Ronald Pelton, as spies for the KGB. He was also able to clear up dozens of loose ends on other counterintelligence cases and reveal the KGB’s latest trade craft, including the deliberate brushing of CIA personnel in Moscow with a radioactive spy dust to enable their movements to be monitored. Unusually, Director of Central Intelligence William Casey<br />
met Yurchenko several times during his debriefings, entertaining him to dinner twice, and was quite unable to resist spreading the good news of the CIA’s impressive coup. Yurchenko was also alarmed when he was told that he might be obliged to appear as a witness in an action brought against the U.S. government by Ewa Shadrin, the widow of the naval defector Nikolai Artamonov. The rather unpersonable Yurchenko, who had been promised total discretion, was understandably dismayed by the leaks and disappointed by his treatment by his CIA Security Division handlers who had failed to show him the respect he felt he deserved, and he redefected to the Soviet embassy in Washington on 31 October 1985 and called a press conference four days later to complain that he had been abducted by the CIA and drugged.<br />
The postmortem conducted by the CIAsuggested that Yurchenko’s considerable personal problems had not been properly appreciated when he approached the Rome station, as they most probably would have been if he had been recruited and run for a period before he simply turned up unexpectedly demanding political asylum and resettlement. The heavy-drinking counterintelligence expert had an exaggerated view of what was in store for him in the United States and was bitterly disappointed when he was rejected by his former girlfriend, Dr. Valentina Yereskovsky, a beautiful blonde pediatrician and the wife of the Soviet consul general in Montreal. The CIAconcluded that it was highly likely that Aldrich Ames, who had been part of his debriefing team, had tipped off the KGB to Yurchenko’s continuing interest in the woman with whom he had previously conducted a lengthy and passionate affair and in whom he remained besotted. Accordingly, when Yurchenko unexpectedly turned up on the doorstep of her apartment in Canada, she had almost certainly been warned to throw him out, which is precisely what she did, protesting that she had no intention of defecting with her two daughters. <br />
Yurchenko’s ludicrous claim to have been abducted and drugged was highly reminiscent of the assertions made by the journalist Oleg Bitov, who had gone unpunished after he abandoned his recent defection to England. Doubtless Yurchenko had calculated that the prospect of major political embarrassment would persuade the KGB to pretend that his feeble excuse had been accepted. This reckoning proved to be correct, for Yurchenko was never prosecuted and was allowed to live out the rest of his KGB career before falling on hard times and becoming a bank guard in Moscow.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-47459989919635801342010-11-29T10:23:00.001-08:002010-11-29T10:23:16.667-08:00Y SERVICEThe interception of wireless signals is conducted by ground stations and other platforms that are referred to by the intelligence community by “Y,” the letter which best illustrates the triangulation technique used by direction-finding equipment to identify the source of a target transmission.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-41294903666312830542010-11-29T10:22:00.000-08:002010-11-29T10:22:42.854-08:00WRIGHT, PETERFormerly a Marconi radio engineer, where he solved the SATYR puzzle, Wright joined the Security Service as a technician in July 1955. In 1963 he was indoctrinated into a mole hunt code-named PETERS intended to identify hostile penetration of MI5. Wright achieved considerable expertise in his study of Soviet espionage and in April 1964 was selected to conduct the debriefing of Anthony Blunt, who had accepted immunity from prosecution for his betrayal of British secrets during and after World War II. <br />
Wright pursued many of the leads provided by Blunt and was appointed a member of the Fluency Committee created jointly with Secret Intelligence Service to investigate possible moles. Although Wright interviewed numerous suspects, he obtained only one complete confession, that of Leo Long, who had been run by Blunt and had served in MI14 during the war, before he went into the film business. Blunt obtained partial confessions from Jenifer Hart, Iris Murdoch, Bernard Floud MP, and James McGibbon, but none were ever prosecuted. After retiring from MI5 in 1973, as one of a dozen assistant directors, Wright moved to Cornwall to breed horses, but was retained by MI5 as a consultant on a part-time basis, before finally leaving altogether at the end of January 1976 and emigrating to Tasmania later the same year.<br />
When Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher asserted in November 1979 that all the evidence of hostile penetration of MI5 could be attributed to Blunt, he believed she had been misled by the Security Service and collaborated with the veteran Fleet Street journalist Chapman Pincher to document his investigations in Their Trade Is Treachery. Disappointed with the book, Wright then coauthored SpyCatcher with a television producer, Paul Greengrass, which resulted in a lengthy legal action brought by the British government in Aus-<br />
tralia to prevent publication. The final House of Lords judgment upheld the principle of the lifelong duty of confidentiality owed by MI5 personnel to their employer, but meanwhile the litigation had made the book an international best-seller. Wright died in Tasmania in April 1995, having written two further books, neither of which enjoyed SpyCatcher’s success.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-71978611183110372022010-11-29T10:20:00.000-08:002010-11-29T10:20:47.669-08:00WOLF, MARKUSBorn in Germany but brought up first in Switzerland then in Moscow, Wolf returned to Berlin in 1945 as a radio journalist and attended the Nuremberg War Crimes trials. In 1958, unaware that he had been photographed by the Allies in Nuremberg, he was appointed head of the East German Hauptverwaltung Auf-<br />
klärung (HVA). Skilled at recruiting and motivating agents sent into the Federal Republic of Germany, he handled Gunter Guillaume, who penetrated Chancellor Willy Brandt’s private office, and pioneered the cultivation of vulnerable secretaries with access to classified information by agents, sometimes known as Romeo spies, trained to seduce them.<br />
Wolf became increasingly disenchanted with the East German regime and retired in 1987. In 1993, following the reunification of Germany, Wolf was prosecuted and sentenced to six years’ imprisonment for having conducted intelligence operations against the West, but his conviction was quashed in 1995. Rearrested on charges of having organized three abductions, he was given a suspended prison sentence of two years. Wolf subsequently wrote his memoirs, Man without a Face.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-5992692307606070112010-11-29T10:19:00.001-08:002010-11-29T10:19:25.000-08:00WIRETAPSSlang term originally for the physical interception of telephone landlines but now generally meant to apply to all voice communications, whatever the carrier system. As a source of information this type of technical intelligence does not have a universally identical legal status, and in some countries such as Britain the material cannot be used in evidence in a criminal trial, whereas transcripts taken from recordings made under warrant in the United States, often granted under the terms of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, made be adduced in evidence.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-36127791889177770702010-11-29T10:18:00.001-08:002010-11-29T10:18:43.844-08:00“WILDERNESS OFMIRRORS”Amemorable term coined by Central Intelligence Agency counterintelligence chief James Angleton and used by him in his 1975 testimony to the Church Committee to describe the counterintelligence environment in which Soviet espionage cases were never quite what they appeared to be. In the wilderness of mirrors, defectors have been planted deliberately, volunteer agents are deliberate provocations, and Machiavellian schemes have been plotted to mislead the West.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-85620813730868201422010-11-29T10:17:00.002-08:002010-11-29T10:17:59.792-08:00WHISTLE BLOWERA term applied to insiders who go public with allegations of misconduct or illegalities. In the United States, individuals who make unauthorized disclosures of this type have statutory protection from retaliation from their employers and from associated litigation. Many intelligence agencies provide an alternative route for channeling internal complaints without risking the release of classified information. In Great Britain, the appointment of a staff counselor who can guarantee anonymity to personnel anxious to express concern about their duties was included in the 1989 Security Service Act which regulated MI5 and placed the organization on a statutory footing for the first time since its creation in 1909.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-31748850179415792792010-11-29T10:17:00.000-08:002010-11-29T10:17:08.953-08:00WEISBAND, WILLIAMA Soviet spy who penetrated the U.S. Armed Forces Security Agency in 1944, Weisband had been born in Russia but claimed he had been born to Russian parents in Alexandria, Virginia. Before World War II he was servicing dead drops in New York; he was eventually identified by James Orin York as his prewar contact in California. Later Weisband was mentioned as having held a clandestine meeting with the NKVD’s Aleksandr Feklisov in a Manhattan movie theater in 1940, and he is thought to have compromised the VENONA project as soon as he was granted access to it, as a Russian linguist, at Arlington Hall in 1948. Never convicted of espionage, Weisband was imprisoned in November 1950 for lying about his Communist Party of the United States of America membership and died in May 1967.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-37820229125823411332010-11-29T10:16:00.000-08:002010-11-29T10:16:17.497-08:00WATCHER SERVICEMI5’s group of skilled surveillance experts are known as the Watcher Service and, working in teams, maintain covert observation on fixed targets, such as diplomatic missions, from permanent posts. They are also deployed against other terrorist and espionage suspects. The members are trained to a high standard and are considered among the most professional in the world. They rarely give evidence in prosecutions so as to avoid compromising their methods, but in September 1988 some were called as witnesses in the inquest conducted after Operation FLAVIUS in Gibraltar.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-46991202435613412552010-11-29T10:15:00.000-08:002010-11-29T10:15:27.904-08:00WALK-INThe term applied to sources who volunteer their cooperation, often by literally making a direct approach to an intelligence service. In most examples, this behavior consists of a visit to a diplomatic mission and a request to see a representative of a particular agency. In such circumstances, an interview is likely to be conducted in a private room that may be wired for sound for retention of an accurate record of the conversation. Some of the best intelligence sources have been from low-ranking individuals who, despite their status, may enjoy greater access to classified material than their superiors. For example, personnel responsible for the removal of burn bags and the destruction of classified waste may routinely handle far more documents than somebody in a far more elevated position.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-4846629862169016162010-11-29T10:14:00.000-08:002010-11-29T10:14:19.808-08:00WALKER, JOHNWIndicted in May 1985 on six counts of espionage, along with his son Michael, John Walker was a retired U.S. Navy warrant officer accused of having spied for the Soviets for 18 years, during which period he had held Top Secret cryptographic clearances and had handled the most sensitive coding equipment, including the key cards used to alter the daily settings on cipher machines. He is also credited with having compromised American sonar technology to the point that the Soviets altered their naval tactics and designed the Akula class as a silent submarine undetectable by SOSUS passive acoustic arrays.<br />
According to his confession, Walker had experienced financial difficulties in 1968 and had visited the Soviet embassy in Washington, D.C., where his offer to sell information had been accepted. After his retirement, embarking on a new career as a private detective, Walker had recruited his son who, at the time of his arrest, was a petty officer serving on the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz and was found to have 15 pounds of classified material in his locker.<br />
In addition, John Walker had recruited his brother, Lt. Comdr. Arthur Walker, and another navy friend, Jerry Whitworth. In October 1985 father and son pleaded guilty and received two life terms plus 10 years, and 25 years’ imprisonment, respectively, in return for John Walker’s testimony against Whitworth, who surrendered to the Federal Bureau of Investigation in June 1985. A former navy communications expert, Whitworth was accused of having received $325,000 from John Walker between 1975 and 1982 in return for classified data, and at his trial, which lasted three months, his assertion that he had not known the material was being passed to the Soviets was rejected, and he was sentenced in August 1986 to 365 years in prison and a fine of $410,000. In his defense Whitworth claimed that he had been recruited under a false flag by Walker, who had claimed to have been passing information to the Israelis.<br />
Arthur Walker claimed that he had engaged in espionage only in 1981 and 1982 when he had been employed as a defense contractor in Chesapeake, Virginia, and that the compromised documents were classified as Confidential and concerned ship construction. He was arrested in May 1985, and in October the same year was sentenced to life imprisonment and a fine of $250,000. Two further U.S. Navy suspects, both believed to have been recruited by Walker, escaped prosecution because of insufficient evidence.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-26751862555734294212010-11-29T10:11:00.001-08:002010-11-29T10:11:25.934-08:00VORONTSOV, SERGEICode-named GT/COWL, Vorontsov was a Second Chief Directorate officer who had volunteered to spy for the Central Intelligence Agency by dropping a sheaf of secret documents into the car of an American diplomat in late 1984. He was arrested by the KGB in March 1986, and his CIAcontact, Michael Sellers, was detained while on his way to a rendezvous in Moscow and expelled. Vorontsov had been identified as a spy by Aldrich Ames.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-53380417068986225822010-11-29T10:10:00.001-08:002010-11-29T10:10:42.405-08:00VETROV, VLADIMIRA KGB Line X scientific intelligence specialist, Vetrov had been posted to Ottawa, where he was pitched unsuccessfully by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Security Service, before he was transferred to Paris where he was recruited by the Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire in 1980. The French ran him in Moscow with a military attaché sent for the purpose, who operated outside the usual Direction Générale de Sécurité Extérieure channels to protect the source, and gave him the English code name FAREWELL to imply that he was being handled by a foreign service. In February 1982 Vetrov was convicted of killing a man and stabbing his girlfriend and was sentenced to 12 years in prison. However, in 1984 the KGB learned that Vetrov had engaged in espionage, and he was executed.<br />
In the short period he was active as a spy, FAREWELL provided the French with a wealth of information about technology transfer and the KGB’s illicit acquisition of Western scientific and commercial secrets. This knowledge was traded by President François Mitterrand to the Americans to demonstrate that France’s reputation for high-level penetration, Communist influence, and poor security was no longer justified. Precisely how the KGB came to find out about Vetrov’s espionage remains one of the Cold War’s unsolved mysteries.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-12713851655351158262010-11-29T10:09:00.003-08:002010-11-29T10:09:26.527-08:00VERMEHREN, ERICHThe defection of Abwehr officer Vermehren and his deeply religious wife Elizabeth to the Secret Intelligence Service in 1944 in Istanbul proved to be the catalyst for the absorption of the Abwehr into the German Reich Security Agency. The Vermehrens were cultivated by an SIS officer, Nicholas Elliott, who eventually persuaded them to switch sides with a promise that their decision would remain secret. Unfortunately the news leaked almost as soon as the couple had been received and debriefed in Cairo and was broadcast by the BBC, forcing them to adopt new identities and be resettled in Switzerland.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5574311293223621319.post-30356393694766706352010-11-29T10:08:00.000-08:002010-11-29T10:08:34.940-08:00VENONAThe Anglo-American cryptographic project that succeeded in decoding more than 2,000 Soviet messages exchanged between Moscow and various diplomatic posts overseas between 1940 and 1949 had several code names but is generally known as VENONA.<br />
Altogether 750,000 telegrams were examined, including a batch from Sweden supplied in 1966, and an error in the construction of the Soviet one-time pads enabled fragments of the texts to be reconstructed. The traffic ranged from routine consular, trade, and diplomatic messages, to highly sensitive NKVD, GRU, and Naval GRU texts. The analytical work, which identified more than 300 spies, including Alger Hiss, Klaus Fuchs, Donald Maclean, Harry Dexter White, and the Rosenbergs, continued until 1979 but was not declassified until 1995. Although the translated, partially decrypted messages were not admissible in any criminal trial, they provided mole hunters with sufficient information to trace dozens of spies recruited and run by the NKVD and GRU during and after World War II. Although the traffic ceased in 1949, when William Weisband and Kim Philby both warned Moscow of the progress being made by the American and British cryptanalysts, prompting a change in Soviet cipher procedures, there was sufficient material for MI5 and the Federal Bureau of Investigation to study in an effort to put real names to the often transparent code names used to protect the true identities of spies.Eddy Samsolehhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554277213190679827noreply@blogger.com